Que1. What is disaster? What are its types?
A Disaster is an event that occurs in most cases suddenly causing several disturbances to people, objects and environment, resulting in loss of life, property and health of the population. Such a situation causes disruption in normal pattern of life, generating misfortune, helplessness and suffering affecting the socio-economic structure of a region/country to such an extent that there is a need for assistance or immediate outside intervention.
India is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world.
• Over 65% land area vulnerable to earthquakes;
• 70% of land under cultivation prone to drought;
• 5% of land (40 million hectares) to floods;
• 8% of land (8,000 km coastline) to cyclones.
• A Major Disaster occurs every 2-3 years;
• 50 million people affected annually
• 1 million houses damaged annually along with human, social and other losses
• During 1985-2003, the annual average damage due to natural disasters has been estimated at 70 million USD.
• General effects of disaster
• Loss of life
• Injury
• Damage to and destruction of property.
• Damage to and destruction of production.
• Disruption of lifestyle
• Loss of livelihood.
• Disruption to essential services
• Damage to national infrastructure
• Disruption to governmental systems
• National economic loss
• Sociological and psychological after effect.
n Types of Disasters
Natural Disaster
· Earthquake
· Tsunami
· Cyclone
· Flood
· Landslide
· Bushfire
· Drought
Manmade Disaster
· Nuclear leaks
· Chemical leaks
· Terrorist activity
· Structural collapse
· Fire
· Pollution
· Road accident
· War
Que 2. What are various safety tips during Earthquake? (Summer-14, 15)
During the earthquake
— Earthquake gives no warning at all. Sometimes a loud rumbling sound might signal its arrival a few seconds ahead time. Those few seconds could give you a chance to move to a safe location.
— Take cover, go under a table or other sturdy furniture, sit or stay close to the floor. Hold on to furniture legs for balance. Be prepared to move if your cover moves.
— If no sturdy cover is nearby, sit close to the floor next to a structurally sound inertial wall. Place your hands on floor for balance.
— Do not stand in doorways. Move away from window, mirror, bookcases and unsecured heavy objects.
— Move toward the open space, away from building, streetlight etc and stay there until the shaking stop.
— If your home is badly damage you will have to leave. Collect water, food, medicine and other essential items before leaving.
— Avoid places where there are loose electrical wires and do not touches metal objects.
Que 3. What is the role of NGO's in disaster management?
— A civil or public advocacy organization, which generates, transfers, or administers humanitarian.
— Generally, NGO's are organized as nonprofit corporations (charities).
— It Can be local or international (INGOs).
— May work with or independent of government.
— Generally, do not include professional associations, businesses, and foundations.
Working of NGO
— Organizational structure is similar to businesses
— Usually non-rigid chain of command
— Significant flexibility and authority at the field level.
— International NGOs often team up with local NGOs or have regional or local branches.
— NGO will not be used to further a particular political or religious standpoint.
— NGO is apart from of race, it stands on faith, or nationality.
— NGO agencies shall not act as instruments of government foreign policy.
What do they do well?
— Usually have excellent advocacy capacity
— Can fill gaps-specialised skills (awareness)
— Usually mobilise quickly
— Often well connected at local level
What don’t they do well?
— Can duplicate services.
— Turf wars can erupt.
— May step outside their areas of specialty.
— Often overcommitted/overextend capacities.
— May not be so good at sustainability.
Que 4. What are natural disasters management guidelines? (Summer-14, 15)
Natural disasters management guidelines are prepared by authority for following disasters:
1) Medical Preparedness and Mass Casualty Management
2) Chemical (Industrial) Disasters
3) Management of Earthquakes
4) Management of Floods
5) Management of Cyclones
6) Management of Biological Disasters
7) Management of Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies
8) Management of Landslides
9) Psycho-Social and Mental Health Care
10) Incident Response System
11) Management of Tsunami
12) Management of Drought
13) Management of Urban Flooding
Guidelines on Preparedness
• Community participation
— Evacuation Plan
— Activating EOCs
— Search & Rescue Teams
— Communication
— Identification of Nodal Officer
— Status of SDRF
— Preparedness Drill
Guidelines on Response
— Vulnerability assessment
— Dissemination of warning
— Emergency Response activities
— Coordination
— Rapid Damage Assessment
— Maintenance of essential services
— Stocking of essential commodities
— Medicines
— Drinking water
— Shelter/Camps
Que 5. Explain Pre—disaster preparation for cyclone.
Following are the Pre—disaster preparation for cyclone or safety tips before the cyclone
— Keep watch on weather and listen to radio or TV. Keep alert about community warning system.
— Get to know the nearest cyclone shelter or safe house and safest route to reach these shelter.
— Do not listen to rumors.
— Prepare an emergency kit containing a portable radio, torch; spare batteries, stocks of dry food, first aid kit etc.
— Check the roof and cover also check the wall, pillars, doors and windows to see if they are secure. If not repair at the earliest.
— Trim dry tree branches, cut off the dead trees and clear the place.
— Clear your property of loose materials that could blow about and cause injury or damage during extreme wind.
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